The report was issued January 6 by Anthony Nieves, C.P.M., CFPM, chair of the Institute for Supply Management Non-Manufacturing Business Survey Committee; and senior vice president — supply management for Hilton Hotels Corporation.
"The NMI (Non-Manufacturing Index) registered 40.6 percent in December, 3.3 percentage points higher than the 37.3 percent registered in November, indicating contraction in the non-manufacturing sector for the third consecutive month, but at a slightly slower rate," said Nieves. "The Non-Manufacturing Business Activity Index increased 6.6 percentage points to 39.6 percent. The New Orders Index increased 4.5 percentage points to 39.9 percent, and the Employment Index increased 3.4 percentage points to 34.7 percent. The Prices Index decreased 0.6 percentage point to 36 percent in December, indicating a decrease in prices from November. This is the lowest level for the index since it was first reported in 1997. According to the NMI, one non-manufacturing industry reported growth in December. Respondents' comments reflect concern about the overall decline in business, lack of funding, budget cuts and lower employment."
The one industry reporting growth in December based on the new NMI composite index is Retail Trade. The 17 industries reporting contraction in December — listed in order — are: Wholesale Trade; Professional, Scientific & Technical Services; Mining; Utilities; Transportation & Warehousing; Educational Services; Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting; Other Services; Arts, Entertainment & Recreation; Management of Companies & Support Services; Public Administration; Finance & Insurance; Accommodation & Food Services; Construction; Real Estate, Rental & Leasing; Health Care & Social Assistance; and Information.
| ISM NON-MANUFACTURING SURVEY RESULTS AT A GLANCE COMPARISON OF ISM NON-MANUFACTURING AND ISM MANUFACTURING SURVEYS* DECEMBER 2008 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-Manufacturing | Manufacturing | ||||||||
| Index | Series Index Dec. |
Series Index Nov. |
Percent Point Change |
Direction | Rate of Change |
Trend** (Months) |
Series Index Dec. |
Series Index Nov. |
Percent Point Change |
| NMI/PMI | 40.6 | 37.3 | +3.3 | Contracting | Slower | 3 | 32.4 | 36.2 | -3.8 |
| Business Activity/Production | 39.6 | 33.0 | +6.6 | Contracting | Slower | 3 | 25.5 | 31.5 | -6.0 |
| New Orders | 39.9 | 35.4 | +4.5 | Contracting | Slower | 3 | 22.7 | 27.9 | -5.2 |
| Employment | 34.7 | 31.3 | +3.4 | Contracting | Slower | 8 | 29.9 | 34.2 | -4.3 |
| Supplier Deliveries | 48.0 | 49.5 | -1.5 | Faster | Faster | 3 | 44.9 | 48.4 | -3.5 |
| Inventories | 49.0 | 46.0 | +3.0 | Contracting | Slower | 4 | 38.8 | 39.1 | -0.3 |
| Prices | 36.0 | 36.6 | -0.6 | Decreasing | Faster | 2 | 18.0 | 25.5 | -7.5 |
| Backlog of Orders | 42.5 | 39.5 | +3.0 | Contracting | Slower | 5 | 23.0 | 27.0 | -4.0 |
| New Export Orders | 39.5 | 34.5 | +5.0 | Contracting | Slower | 2 | 35.5 | 41.0 | -5.5 |
| Imports | 32.5 | 40.0 | -7.5 | Contracting | Faster | 2 | 39.0 | 37.5 | +1.5 |
| Inventory Sentiment | 65.5 | 65.0 | +0.5 | Too High | Faster | 139 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Customers' Inventories | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 57.0 | 55.0 | +2.0 |
* Non-Manufacturing ISM Report On Business data is seasonally adjusted for Business Activity, New Orders, Prices and Employment. Manufacturing ISM Report On Business data is seasonally adjusted for New Orders, Production, Employment, Supplier Deliveries and Inventories.
** Number of months moving in current direction.
Autos; Beef*; Food and Beverage (8); and Gasoline* (16).
Beef* (4); Bottled Water; Chemical Products; Computer Equipment; Construction; Copper Pipe (5); Copper Pipe Fittings; Copper Products (2); Diesel Fuel (4); #1 Diesel Fuel (3); #2 Diesel Fuel (5); Fuel (5); Fuel Surcharges (2); Gasoline* (6); Office and Computer Supplies; Poly Products; PVC Pipe and Fittings; Soy Oil (2); Stainless Steel Plate; Stainless Steel Products; and Steel Products (3).
No commodities are reported in short supply.
Note: The number of consecutive months the commodity is listed is indicated after each item.
* Indicates reported both up and down in price.
Beginning with the January 2008 Non-Manufacturing Report On Business, a composite index is now calculated as an indicator of the overall economic condition for the non-manufacturing sector. The NMI is a composite index based on the diffusion indexes for four of the indicators with equal weights: Business Activity (seasonally adjusted), New Orders (seasonally adjusted), Employment (seasonally adjusted) and Supplier Deliveries. In December, the NMI registered 40.6 percent indicating contraction in the non-manufacturing sector, but at a slightly slower rate than in November. A reading above 50 percent indicates the non-manufacturing sector economy is generally expanding; below 50 percent indicates the non-manufacturing sector is generally contracting.
The one industry reporting growth in December based on the new NMI composite index is Retail Trade. The 17 industries reporting contraction in December — listed in order — are: Wholesale Trade; Professional, Scientific & Technical Services; Mining; Utilities; Transportation & Warehousing; Educational Services; Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting; Other Services; Arts, Entertainment & Recreation; Management of Companies & Support Services; Public Administration; Finance & Insurance; Accommodation & Food Services; Construction; Real Estate, Rental & Leasing; Health Care & Social Assistance; and Information.
| Month | NMI | Month | NMI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dec 2008 | 40.6 | Jun 2008 | 48.2 | |
| Nov 2008 | 37.3 | May 2008 | 51.7 | |
| Oct 2008 | 44.4 | Apr 2008 | 52.0 | |
| Sep 2008 | 50.2 | Mar 2008 | 49.6 | |
| Aug 2008 | 50.6 | Feb 2008 | 49.3 | |
| Jul 2008 | 49.5 | Jan 2008 | 44.6 | |
| Average for 12 months — 47.3 High — 52.0 Low — 37.3 | ||||
ISM's Non-Manufacturing Business Activity Index in December registered 39.6 percent, an increase of 6.6 percentage points when compared to the 33 percent registered in November. One industry reported increased business activity, and 13 industries reported decreased activity for the month of December. Four industries reported no change from November. Comments from respondents include: "Slowdown in general"; "Less disposable income"; and "People eating out less, grocery shopping more."
The industry reporting growth of business activity in December is Retail Trade. The industries reporting decreased business activity in December are: Professional, Scientific & Technical Services; Wholesale Trade; Educational Services; Mining; Other Services; Utilities; Transportation & Warehousing; Public Administration; Arts, Entertainment & Recreation; Health Care & Social Assistance; Accommodation & Food Services; Information; and Finance & Insurance.
Business Activity |
% Higher |
% Same |
% Lower |
Index |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dec 2008 | 17 | 40 | 43 | 39.6 |
| Nov 2008 | 9 | 48 | 43 | 33.0 |
| Oct 2008 | 20 | 47 | 33 | 44.2 |
| Sep 2008 | 23 | 53 | 24 | 52.1 |
| THE LAST 12 MONTHS | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Business Activity Index |
Month | Business Activity Index | |
| Dec 2008 | 39.6 | Jun 2008 | 49.9 | |
| Nov 2008 | 33.0 | May 2008 | 53.6 | |
| Oct 2008 | 44.2 | Apr 2008 | 50.9 | |
| Sep 2008 | 52.1 | Mar 2008 | 52.2 | |
| Aug 2008 | 51.6 | Feb 2008 | 50.8 | |
| Jul 2008 | 49.6 | Jan 2008 | 41.9 | |
| Average for 12 months — 47.5 High — 53.6 Low — 33.0 | ||||
ISM's Non-Manufacturing New Orders Index contracted in December for the third consecutive month. The index registered 39.9 percent. This is an increase of 4.5 percentage points from the 35.4 percent registered in November. Comments from respondents include: "Significant reduction in new activity"; "Pending projects put on hold"; and "Less occupancy."
The one industry reporting growth of new orders in December is Retail Trade. The industries reporting contraction of new orders in December are: Professional, Scientific & Technical Services; Educational Services; Mining; Transportation & Warehousing; Wholesale Trade; Finance & Insurance; Construction; Utilities; Health Care & Social Assistance; Information; Other Services; Accommodation & Food Services; and Public Administration.
New Orders |
% Higher |
% Same |
% Lower |
Index |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dec 2008 | 17 | 40 | 43 | 39.9 |
| Nov 2008 | 9 | 52 | 39 | 35.4 |
| Oct 2008 | 18 | 50 | 32 | 44.0 |
| Sep 2008 | 20 | 57 | 23 | 50.8 |
Employment activity in the non-manufacturing sector contracted in December for the 11th time in the last 12 months. ISM's Non-Manufacturing Employment Index for December registered 34.7 percent. This reflects an increase of 3.4 percentage points when compared to the 31.3 percent registered in November. All 18 industries reported decreased employment for November. Comments from respondents include: "Budget cuts. Positions that are vacant are being eliminated"; "Planned layoffs"; and "Decreased staff due to slowdown in traffic."
The industries reporting a reduction in employment in December — listed in order — are: Arts, Entertainment & Recreation; Real Estate, Rental & Leasing; Mining; Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting; Retail Trade; Professional, Scientific & Technical Services; Public Administration; Accommodation & Food Services; Information; Educational Services; Wholesale Trade; Construction; Utilities; Management of Companies & Support Services; Other Services; Finance & Insurance; Transportation & Warehousing; and Health Care & Social Assistance.
Employment |
% Higher |
% Same |
% Lower |
Index |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dec 2008 | 9 | 51 | 40 | 34.7 |
| Nov 2008 | 5 | 52 | 43 | 31.3 |
| Oct 2008 | 9 | 61 | 30 | 41.5 |
| Sep 2008 | 13 | 60 | 27 | 44.2 |
Supplier deliveries were faster in December, with the index registering 48 percent. This is the fifth reading below 50 percent in the last 12 months. A reading above 50 percent indicates slower deliveries.
The industries reporting slowing in supplier deliveries in December are: Information; Educational Services; Health Care & Social Assistance; and Retail Trade. The industries reporting faster supplier deliveries in December are: Management of Companies & Support Services; Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting; Wholesale Trade; Transportation & Warehousing; Utilities; Finance & Insurance; and Public Administration.
Supplier Deliveries |
% Slower |
% Same |
% Faster |
Index |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dec 2008 | 8 | 80 | 12 | 48.0 |
| Nov 2008 | 6 | 87 | 7 | 49.5 |
| Oct 2008 | 6 | 84 | 10 | 48.0 |
| Sep 2008 | 11 | 85 | 4 | 53.5 |
ISM's Non-Manufacturing Inventories Index registered 49 percent in December, indicating that inventory levels contracted in December for the fourth consecutive month. Of the total respondents in December, 29 percent indicated they do not have inventories or do not measure them. Comments from members include: "Inventory is shrinking with business activity — managing to the business climate"; "Working off excess inventory"; and "Watching cash flow."
The industries reporting increases in inventories in December are: Mining; Real Estate, Rental & Leasing; Other Services; Information; Transportation & Warehousing; Professional, Scientific & Technical Services; and Accommodation & Food Services. The industries reporting decreases in inventories in December are: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting; Public Administration; Management of Companies & Support Services; Health Care & Social Assistance; Arts, Entertainment & Recreation; Wholesale Trade; Utilities; Retail Trade; and Finance & Insurance.
Inventories |
% Higher |
% Same |
% Lower |
Index |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dec 2008 | 22 | 54 | 24 | 49.0 |
| Nov 2008 | 19 | 54 | 27 | 46.0 |
| Oct 2008 | 21 | 54 | 25 | 48.0 |
| Sep 2008 | 20 | 51 | 29 | 45.5 |
Prices paid by non-manufacturing organizations for purchased materials and services decreased in December for the second consecutive month after 65 consecutive months of increases. ISM's Non-Manufacturing Prices Index for December registered 36 percent, 0.6 percentage point lower than November's index of 36.6 percent. In December, the percentage of respondents reporting higher prices is 9 percent, the percentage indicating no change in prices paid is 50 percent, and 41 percent of the respondents reported lower prices.
In December, two industries reported an increase in prices paid in the following order: Health Care & Social Assistance; and Other Services. The 15 industries reporting prices as decreasing for the month of December are: Mining; Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting; Utilities; Educational Services; Accommodation & Food Services; Arts, Entertainment & Recreation; Real Estate, Rental & Leasing; Information; Finance & Insurance; Wholesale Trade; Professional, Scientific & Technical Services; Retail Trade; Public Administration; Management of Companies & Support Services; and Transportation & Warehousing.
Prices |
% Higher |
% Same |
% Lower |
Index |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dec 2008 | 9 | 50 | 41 | 36.0 |
| Nov 2008 | 11 | 49 | 40 | 36.6 |
| Oct 2008 | 25 | 52 | 23 | 53.4 |
| Sep 2008 | 46 | 46 | 8 | 70.0 |
ISM's Non-Manufacturing Backlog of Orders Index contracted in December for the fifth consecutive month. The index registered 42.5 percent, 3 percentage points higher than the 39.5 percent reported in November. Of the total respondents in December, 44 percent indicated they do not measure backlog of orders.
The industries reporting an increase in order backlogs in December are: Real Estate, Rental & Leasing; Arts, Entertainment & Recreation; Information; Finance & Insurance; and Public Administration. The industries reporting lower backlog of orders in December are: Professional, Scientific & Technical Services; Mining; Health Care & Social Assistance; Utilities; Wholesale Trade; Other Services; Retail Trade; and Transportation & Warehousing.
Backlog of Orders |
% Higher |
% Same |
% Lower |
Index |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dec 2008 | 15 | 55 | 30 | 42.5 |
| Nov 2008 | 10 | 59 | 31 | 39.5 |
| Oct 2008 | 12 | 64 | 24 | 44.0 |
| Sep 2008 | 13 | 67 | 20 | 46.5 |
Orders and requests for services and other non-manufacturing activities to be provided outside of the United States by domestically-based personnel contracted in December. The New Export Orders Index for December registered 39.5 percent. This is an increase of 5 percentage points from November's index of 34.5 percent. Of the total respondents in December, 73 percent indicated they either do not perform, or do not separately measure, orders for work outside of the United States.
The two industries reporting an increase in new export orders in December are: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting; and Retail Trade. The industries reporting a decrease in export orders in December are: Public Administration; Real Estate, Rental & Leasing; Accommodation & Food Services; Transportation & Warehousing; and Wholesale Trade.
| New Export Orders |
% Higher |
% Same |
% Lower |
Index |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dec 2008 | 14 | 51 | 35 | 39.5 |
| Nov 2008 | 5 | 59 | 36 | 34.5 |
| Oct 2008 | 21 | 58 | 21 | 50.0 |
| Sep 2008 | 18 | 65 | 17 | 50.5 |
The ISM Non-Manufacturing Imports Index registered 32.5 percent in December. The index is 7.5 percentage points lower than November's index of 40 percent. This is the lowest level for the Imports Index since this report began in 1997. In December, 65 percent of respondents reported that they do not use, or do not track, the use of imported materials.
No industry reported an increase in the use of imports in December. The industries reporting a decrease in imports for the month of December are: Public Administration; Information; Other Services; Wholesale Trade; Accommodation & Food Services; Finance & Insurance; Transportation & Warehousing; Utilities; and Health Care & Social Assistance.
Imports |
% Higher |
% Same |
% Lower |
Index |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dec 2008 | 0 | 65 | 35 | 32.5 |
| Nov 2008 | 4 | 72 | 24 | 40.0 |
| Oct 2008 | 20 | 64 | 16 | 52.0 |
| Sep 2008 | 14 | 67 | 19 | 47.5 |
The ISM Non-Manufacturing Inventory Sentiment Index increased 0.5 percentage point to 65.5 percent in December, indicating that respondents still believe their inventories are too high at this time. In December, 37 percent of respondents said their inventories were too high, 6 percent said their inventories were too low, and 57 percent said their inventories were about right.
The industries reporting a feeling that their inventories are too high in December are: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting; Real Estate, Rental & Leasing; Other Services; Wholesale Trade; Construction; Information; Finance & Insurance; Management of Companies & Support Services; Accommodation & Food Services; Transportation & Warehousing; Professional, Scientific & Technical Services; and Health Care & Social Assistance. The two industries reporting that their inventories are too low are: Public Administration and Retail Trade.
Inventory Sentiment |
%Too High |
%About Right |
%Too Low |
Index |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dec 2008 | 37 | 57 | 6 | 65.5 |
| Nov 2008 | 34 | 62 | 4 | 65.0 |
| Oct 2008 | 42 | 51 | 7 | 67.5 |
| Sep 2008 | 33 | 59 | 8 | 62.5 |
The data presented herein is obtained from a survey of non-manufacturing supply managers based on information they have collected within their respective organizations. ISM makes no representation, other than that stated within this release, regarding the individual company data collection procedures. Use of the data is in the public domain and should be compared to all other economic data sources when used in decision-making.
The Non-Manufacturing ISM Report On Business is based on data compiled from purchasing and supply executives nationwide. Membership of the Non-Manufacturing Business Survey Committee is diversified by NAICS, based on each industry's contribution to gross domestic product (GDP). The Non-Manufacturing Business Survey Committee responses are divided into the following NAICS code categories: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting; Mining; Utilities; Construction; Wholesale Trade; Retail Trade; Transportation & Warehousing; Information; Finance & Insurance; Real Estate, Rental & Leasing; Professional, Scientific & Technical Services; Management of Companies & Support Services; Educational Services; Health Care & Social Assistance; Arts, Entertainment & Recreation; Accommodation & Food Services; and Public Administration; and Other Services (services such as Equipment & Machinery Repairing; Promoting or Administering Religious Activities; Grantmaking; Advocacy; and Providing Dry-Cleaning & Laundry Services, Personal Care Services, Death Care Services, Pet Care Services, Photofinishing Services, Temporary Parking Services, and Dating Services).
Survey responses reflect the change, if any, in the current month compared to the previous month. For each of the indicators measured (Business Activity, New Orders, Backlog of Orders, New Export Orders, Inventory Change, Inventory Sentiment, Imports, Prices, Employment and Supplier Deliveries), this report shows the percentage reporting each response, and the diffusion index. Responses represent raw data and are never changed. Data is seasonally adjusted for Business Activity, New Orders, Prices and Employment. All seasonal adjustment factors are supplied by the U.S. Department of Commerce and are subject annually to relatively minor changes when conditions warrant them. The remaining indexes have not indicated significant seasonality.
The NMI is a composite index based on the diffusion indexes for four of the indicators with equal weights: Business Activity (seasonally adjusted), New Orders (seasonally adjusted), Employment (seasonally adjusted) and Supplier Deliveries. Diffusion indexes have the properties of leading indicators and are convenient summary measures showing the prevailing direction of change and the scope of change. An index reading above 50 percent indicates that the non-manufacturing economy in that index is generally expanding; below 50 percent indicates that it is generally declining. Supplier Deliveries is an exception. A Supplier Deliveries Index above 50 percent indicates slower deliveries and below 50 percent indicates faster deliveries.
The Non-Manufacturing ISM Report On Business is published monthly by the Institute for Supply Management, the largest supply management research and education organization in the United States. ISM, established in 1915, is the largest supply management organization in the world as well as one of the most respected. Its mission is to lead the supply management profession through its standards of excellence, research, promotional activities and education.
The next Non-Manufacturing ISM Report On Business, featuring the January 2009 data, will be released on Wednesday, February 4, 2009.